HealthMap

Fetus - connections

-> Fetus

• Birth defects - Affects

Fluoride - connections

Fluoride ->

• Affects: Intellectual development (Polarity: no credible evidence; Source: industrial pollution; Population: children)
• Affects: Intellectual development (Polarity: no credible evidence; Source: water; Population: children)
• Associated With: Dizziness, Goiter, Mottled teeth (Level: high)
• Associated With: Tinnitus (Level: high; Side: left)
• Causes: Osteoporosis (Certainty: can; Level: high)
• Causes: Osteoporosis (Certainty: can; Level: low)
• Causes: Tooth mottling (Level: excess; Location: certain regions; Population: children; Certainty: argued)
• Causes: Bone brittleness (Level: high)
• Causes: Hearing loss (Level: high; Modality: may; Timing: eventually; Progression: progressive)
• Causes: Cancers (Polarity: no evidence; Population: humans; Source: 1991 Public Health Service review)
• Decreases In: Bone (Intake: reduced; Duration: long; Timing: subsequently; Measure: concentration)
• Has Value In: Human nutrition (Controversy: present; Certainty: disputed)
• Impairs: Bowel functions, Sinuses (Level: low; Direction: adverse; Tendency: tend)
• Increases: Bone mass
• Increases: Bone brittleness (Level: excessive)
• Increases: Congested sinuses, Inflammation (Level: low; Measure: incidence; Degree: greater)
• Increases: Birth defects, Intestinal problems, Kidney diseases (Polarity: does not; Level: current; Medium: drinking water; Measure: risk)
• Interacts With: Carotenoids (Quantity: some)
• Is Essential To: Human health (Certainty: considered; Controversy: present)
• Lowers: IQ (Exposure: high; Comparison: low exposure; Population: children; Certainty: claimed; Study count: two)
• Lowers: IQ, Learning ability (Intake: high; Certainty: implicated; Evidence: numerous studies)
• Mobilizes: Bound fluoride (Intake: reduced; Duration: long)
• Pairs With: Chloride
• Pairs With: Chloride (Association: associated)
• Relates To: Fractures (Certainty: undetermined; Measure: intake; Scope: bone)
• Triggers: Tinnitus (Level: high; Modality: can)

-> Fluoride

• Gastrointestinal tract - Absorbs
• Inhalation - Absorbs (Modality: may)
• Municipalities - Adds (Destination: drinking water)
• Water hardness - Affects (Process: uptake; Degree: some)
• Dr. Ronald Roth - Assesses (Frequency: every patient consultation)
• Strontium - Lowers (Modal: potential)
• 1991 Public Health Service review - Recommends Studying (Topic: bone fractures; Focus: intake relationship; Extent: further)
• Soluble fluoride compounds - Supplies (Extent: nearly all; Condition: ingested with water; Modality: may)

Calcium fluoride - connections

Calcium fluoride ->

• Increases: Bone strength (Amount: about_4_percent_of_bone; Effect: hardening)

-> Calcium fluoride

• Bone - Contains (Amount: about 4%)